Rethinking Fertilizer Subsidies for Small-Scale Aquaculture: A Governance and Impact Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61492/danesia.v1i1.22Keywords:
Fertilizer subsidy, small-scale aquaculture, governance effectiveness, , socio-economic impact, inclusive policy, sustainable developmentAbstract
Fertilizer subsidies are widely used by governments as a policy tool to boost aquaculture productivity and support rural livelihoods. Yet, in many developing countries, including Indonesia, their effectiveness in reaching small-scale fish farmers remains uncertain. This paper examines two interconnected dimensions of the issue: (1) the governance effectiveness of subsidy distribution systems, and (2) the socio-economic impacts experienced by smallholder fish farmers. Through a conceptual review of academic literature and official policy documents, the study identifies critical shortcomings in current fertilizer subsidy programs, particularly in terms of inclusion, transparency, and geographically targeted delivery. While policies often prioritize input distribution and national production targets, they frequently overlook equity, environmental sustainability, and adaptive governance. The analysis reveals that most subsidy schemes fail to reach their intended beneficiaries. This is largely due to rigid, top-down planning and insufficient involvement of local stakeholders. Furthermore, non-localized supply chains and the absence of real-time data systems, which together undermine efficiency and increase the vulnerability of small-scale farmers. The paper proposes a new conceptual governance model that integrates spatial equity, digital traceability, and multi-stakeholder participation. By highlighting these insights, the study contributes to ongoing debates on sustainable aquaculture governance and offers actionable, policy-relevant recommendations for redesigning input subsidy programs to be more inclusive, transparent, and results-driven. This review also lays the groundwork for future empirical research aimed at evaluating governance performance and measuring the actual impacts of subsidies across diverse aquaculture settings.
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